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The developing follicles produce estradiol or estrogen. The pattern of estrogen production is an important reflection of how well that development is going. It is one of the more clinically useful measurements that we can make during infertility management.
We use estrogen several different ways during or in preparation for an IVF cycle. Prior to a cycle, it can be used to suppress androgen production in the ovaries. This improves a subsequent ovulation induction. It can be useful in helping synchronize development of follicles in some settings where you plan to develop many follicles at one time. For this we sometimes use estradiol directly or sometimes use oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives contain and estrogen and a progesterone-like drug. They can also be used to modify cycle timing.
We also use estradiol in the latter part of an IVF cycle as based primarily
on a single study using estrogen at this time. Its use was associated with
a significant improvement in the pregnancy rate.
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